The Leaning Tower of Pisa's history is marked by numerous repairs and stabilization efforts to address its famous tilt and ensure its preservation. Here's a brief overview of its repair history:

Initial Construction and Early Repairs

• 1173-1372: The tower's construction began in 1173 but was halted after the third floor was completed because the soil beneath began to sink, causing the tower to lean. Construction resumed in 1272, with architects attempting to correct the lean by adding additional floors with one side taller than the other, which only added more weight and caused further tilting. The construction was finally completed in the 14th century.

19th and Early 20th Century Efforts

• 1838: An attempt to reveal the tower's base by architect Alessandro Della Gherardesca led to water infiltration, worsening the lean.
• 1934: Mussolini ordered the drilling of holes and filling them with grout to stabilize the tower, which again, increased the tilt.

Modern Stabilization and Restoration Projects

• 1990: The tower was closed to the public, and the bells were silenced to remove weight and prevent vibration. Cables were temporarily attached as a precautionary measure.
• 1993: Engineers began extracting small amounts of soil from underneath the higher side to correct the tower's position. This method successfully reduced the tilt for the first time in its history.
• 2001: The tower reopened to the public after a decade of stabilization efforts. Engineers had reduced the tilt by about 44 centimeters (17.3 inches), restoring the tower to its 1838 position.
• 2008-2010: Further restoration work focused on cleaning and restoring the tower's surface and interior.

Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance

• The Leaning Tower of Pisa continues to be monitored using modern technology to track any movements or further tilting. Regular maintenance is conducted to preserve the tower's structure and appearance.

These efforts over centuries highlight the dedication to preserving the Leaning Tower of Pisa, not just as an architectural wonder, but as a symbol of historical and cultural heritage. The successful stabilization project is considered a triumph of engineering and conservation, ensuring the tower remains safe for visitors and continues to lean gracefully for future generations.